Mathematics (Grades 5–12) Subtest 2

Subarea II. Data, Probability, and Discrete Math

0011

Apply knowledge of the collection, presentation, and analysis of data.

devising a plan for collecting data using appropriate sampling techniques
selecting an effective format for organizing and describing data distributions
interpreting data presented in a variety of formats
applying descriptive statistics (e.g., measures of central tendency, variation) to data
applying inferential statistics (e.g., confidence intervals, statistical significance) and concepts of validity and reliability

0012

Understand the principles of probability.

analyzing the relationship between randomness and sampling methods in making statistical claims about populations
analyzing situations and determining probabilities using a variety of graphic representations (e.g., area models, two-way frequency tables, tree diagrams, Venn diagrams)
determining and interpreting the probabilities of simple and compound events (e.g., independent, conditional, mutually exclusive) using counting principles and the concept of sample space
estimating probabilities based on data collection, sampling, experiments, and simulations
applying discrete and continuous probability distributions (e.g., uniform, binomial, normal) to make inferences about a population

0013

Understand the processes and applications of discrete mathematics.

applying systematic counting techniques (e.g., combinations, permutations) to represent and solve problems
applying symbolic logic (e.g., if/then, if and only if)
performing arithmetic operations on matrices, including the use of inverses, determinants, and scalars
applying a variety of models (e.g., vertex-edge graphs, trees, arrays) to solve problems